Identification and Validation of Cognitive Design Principles for Automated Generation of Assembly Instructions

 

Julie Heiser

Stanford University

Doantam Phan

Stanford University

Maneesh Agrawala

Microsoft Research

Barbara Tversky

Stanford University

Pat Hanrahan

Stanford University

 

 

Abstract

Designing effective instructions for everyday products is challenging. One reason is that designers lack a set of design principles for producing visually comprehensible and accessible instructions. We describe an approach for identifying such design principles through experiments investigating the production, preference, and comprehension of assembly instructions for furniture. We instantiate these principles into an algorithm that automatically generates assembly instructions. Finally, we perform a user study comparing our computer-generated instructions to factory-provided and highly rated hand-designed instructions. Our results indicate that the computer-generated instructions informed by our cognitive design principles significantly reduce assembly time an average of 35% and error by 50%. Details of the experimental methodology and the implementation of the automated system are described.

 

 




Figure 1: An picture of a user assembling the TV stand by referring to our computer-generated instructions.

 

Figure 2.  Time to assemble TV stand by instruction set. Instructions generated by automated system ( M =  10.2, SE = .929) outperformed the top rated instructions (M =18.9, SE = 2.81) from Experiment 1 and the factory made instructions that accompanied the TV stand (M = 16.04, SE = 2.9).
 

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