In my apartment in Florence, my kitchen sink has a very
laminar (non-turbulent) flow.
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It's fun to put stuff in the stream, like this spoon,
which creates a curtain of water below it.
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Turning the spoon right-side-up causes the water to
shoot out in all directions in a sheet. You can see
how variations in the faucet cause concentric circles
in the sheet of water.
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Playing with the position of the spoon, we can create
different shapes in the water curtain.
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The water accelerates as it falls. So if you move the
spoon higher, the water hits it at a lower speed, causing
a smaller bubble.
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A knife handle causes a curtain of a different shape.
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If you tilt the knife handle too much, the laminar
flow will break. Here, the water dribbles around the
right side of the knife, sticking to the underside and
disrupting the flow to the left. So the curtain becomes
cloudy, instead of clear.
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With a flash (and a high-speed shutter), we can see the
concentric circles radiating from the knife blade.
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Without the flash (and a longer shutter), the circles
disappear, and we instead see the blur of radial lines
caused by the teeth of the knife.
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Yet another envelope of water, from a plastic handle.
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As you tilt the handle, the water will flow smoothly to either
side, up to a critical angle.
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Beyond the critical angle, the smooth flow is destroyed. The
water dribbles around the back and disrupts the laminar flow,
causing the sheet to turn cloudy.
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A sheet from the bottom of this cup covers the entire sink.
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A quasi-stable state: The water entering the cup flows smoothly
out of it as a sheet.
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But once you get some water stuck in the cup, it no longer
flows out smoothly.
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Another captured moment of water cascading out of a bowl.
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Another quasi-stable state, as the water flows smoothly
uphill out of the bowl.
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But once water gets stuck in the bowl, the smooth flow is
destroyed.
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